Methods and apparatus for downlink control channels transmissions in wireless communications systems

ABSTRACT

An antenna port for an extended Physical Downlink Control CHannel (ePDCCH) transmission is determined based on at least an identifier for a leading extended Control Channel Element (eCCE) within the ePDCCH and an identifier for a user equipment (UE) to receive the ePDCCH transmission, and based on whether the ePDCCH transmission is localized or distributed. The determined antenna port is a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port to which the UE is assigned. Symbols are mapped in sequence to resource elements (REs) and transmitted via the determined antenna port to the UE.

This application incorporates by reference the content of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/596,079, filed Feb. 7, 2012,entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS ON DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNELSTRANSMISSIONS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS,” and U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 61/613,839, filed Mar. 21, 2012, entitled“METHODS AND APPARATUS ON THE SEARCH SPACE DESIGN OF DOWNLINK CONTROLCHANNELS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS.”

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, andmore particularly, to providing extended downlink control channelstransmission in wireless communication systems.

BACKGROUND

In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution(LTE) release-8 (Rel-8), release-9 (Rel-9), and release-10 (Rel-10), thePhysical Downlink Control CHannel (PDCCH), the Physical Control FormatIndicator CHannel (PCFICH), and the Physical Hybrid-ARQ IndicatorCHannel (PHICH) are transmitted in the first a few limited OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of each subframe. As aconsequence, that control region has limited capacity. In addition,interference co-ordination in the frequency domain cannot be achieved.

Therefore, there is a need in the art for extending the control regionin the Physical Downlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) region to expand thecapacity of the control region.

SUMMARY

An antenna port for an extended Physical Downlink Control CHannel(ePDCCH) transmission is determined based on at least an identifier fora leading extended Control Channel Element (eCCE) within the ePDCCH andan identifier for a user equipment (UE) to receive the ePDCCHtransmission, and based on whether the ePDCCH transmission is localizedor distributed. The determined antenna port is a DeModulation ReferenceSignal (DMRS) port to which the UE is assigned. Symbols are mapped insequence to resource elements (REs) and transmitted via the determinedantenna port to the UE.

Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases usedthroughout this patent document: the terms “include” and “comprise,” aswell as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term“or,” is inclusive, meaning and/or; the phrases “associated with” and“associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean toinclude, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be containedwithin, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with,cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to orwith, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller”means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least oneoperation, where such a device, system or part may be implemented inhardware that is programmable by firmware or software. It should benoted that the functionality associated with any particular controllermay be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely.Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout thispatent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understandthat in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, aswell as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and itsadvantages, reference is now made to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals represent like parts:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless network within which downlinkcontrol channel transmissions may be performed according to embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate exemplary transmit path and receive paths,respectively, for a wireless communications system within which downlinkcontrol channel transmissions may be performed according to certainembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates one possible DownLink (DL) Transmit Time Interval(TTI) structure for transmitting Control CHannels (CCHs);

FIG. 4 illustrates one possible base station transmitter chain fortransmission of a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format in a PDCCHhaving the structure depicted in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 illustrates one possible UE receiver chain for reception of a DCIin a PDCCH having the structure depicted in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 illustrates search spaces defined in the LTE system;

FIG. 7 illustrates one possible base station transmitter chain fortransmission of a PCFICH having the structure depicted in FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 illustrates the receiver chain for reception of a PCFICH havingthe structure depicted in FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 illustrates the distributed transmission of ePDCCHs according tocertain embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 illustrates localized transmission of ePDCCHs according tocertain embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates the control regions mapping according to certainembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates the eCCE mapping in the localized VRBs according toaccording to certain embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates the ePDCCHs construction in the localized VRBsaccording to certain embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates the eCCE mapping in the localized VRBs according tocertain embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 illustrates the decision of the leading eCCE and the DMRS portaccording to certain embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate DMRS port linkage according to certainembodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 17 illustrates the DMRS port linkage according to certainembodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 through 17, discussed below, and the various embodiments used todescribe the principles of the present disclosure in this patentdocument are by way of illustration only and should not be construed inany way to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled inthe art will understand that the principles of the present disclosuremay be implemented in any suitably arranged wireless communicationssystem.

With regard to the following description, it is noted that the 3GPP LongTerm Evolution (LTE) term “node B” or “evolved node B (eNB) is anotherterm for “base station” (BS) used below. Also, the LTE term “userequipment” or “UE” is another term for “subscriber station” (SS) or“mobile station” (MS) used below.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless network 100 within whichdownlink control channel transmissions may be performed according toembodiments of the present disclosure. In the illustrated embodiment,wireless network 100 includes base station (BS) 101, base station (BS)102, and base station (BS) 103. Base station 101 communicates with basestation 102 and base station 103. Base station 101 also communicateswith Internet protocol (IP) network 130, such as the Internet, aproprietary IP network, or other data network.

Base station 102 provides wireless broadband access to network 130, viabase station 101, to a first plurality of subscriber stations withincoverage area 120 of base station 102. The first plurality of subscriberstations includes subscriber station (SS) 111, subscriber station (SS)112, subscriber station (SS) 113, subscriber station (SS) 114,subscriber station (SS) 115 and subscriber station (SS) 116. Subscriberstation (SS) may be any wireless communication device, such as, but notlimited to, a mobile phone, mobile PDA and any mobile station (MS). Incertain embodiments, SS 111 may be located in a small business (SB), SS112 may be located in an enterprise (E), SS 113 may be located in aWireless Fidelity (WiFi) hotspot (HS), SS 114 may be located in a firstresidence, SS 115 may be located in a second residence, and SS 116 maybe a mobile (M) device.

Base station 103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130, viabase station 101, to a second plurality of subscriber stations withincoverage area 125 of base station 103. The second plurality ofsubscriber stations includes subscriber station 115 and subscriberstation 116. In alternate embodiments, base stations 102 and 103 may beconnected directly to the Internet by means of a wired broadbandconnection, such as an optical fiber, DSL, cable or T1/E1 line, ratherthan indirectly through base station 101.

In certain embodiments, base station 101 may be in communication witheither fewer or more base stations. Furthermore, while only sixsubscriber stations are shown in FIG. 1, it is understood that wirelessnetwork 100 may provide wireless broadband access to more than sixsubscriber stations. It is noted that subscriber station 115 andsubscriber station 116 are on the edge of both coverage area 120 andcoverage area 125. Subscriber station 115 and subscriber station 116each communicate with both base station 102 and base station 103 and maybe said to be operating in handoff mode, as known to those of skill inthe art.

In certain embodiments, base stations 101-103 may communicate with eachother and with subscriber stations 111-116 using an Institute forElectrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 wireless metropolitanarea network standard, such as, for example, an IEEE-802.16e standard.In certain embodiments, however, a different wireless protocol may beemployed, such as, for example, a HIPERMAN wireless metropolitan areanetwork standard. Base station 101 may communicate through directline-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with base station 102and base station 103, depending on the technology used for the wirelessbackhaul. Base station 102 and base station 103 may each communicatethrough non-line-of-sight with subscriber stations 111-116 using OFDMand/or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) techniques.

Base station 102 may provide a T1 level service to subscriber station112 associated with the enterprise and a fractional T1 level service tosubscriber station 111 associated with the small business. Base station102 may provide wireless backhaul for subscriber station 113 associatedwith the WiFi hotspot, which may be located in an airport, café, hotel,or college campus. Base station 102 may provide digital subscriber line(DSL) level service to subscriber stations 114, 115 and 116.

Subscriber stations 111-116 may use the broadband access to network 130to access voice, data, video, video teleconferencing, and/or otherbroadband services. In certain embodiments, one or more of subscriberstations 111-116 may be associated with an access point (AP) of a WiFiWireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Subscriber station 116 may be any ofa number of mobile devices, including a wireless-enabled laptopcomputer, tablet, smart phone, personal data assistant, notebook,handheld device, or other wireless-enabled device. Subscriber stations114 and 115 may be, for example, a wireless-enabled personal computer, alaptop computer, a gateway, or another device.

Dotted lines show the approximate extents of coverage areas 120 and 125,which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes ofillustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood thatthe coverage areas associated with base stations, for example, coverageareas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes,depending upon the configuration of the base stations and variations inthe radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

Also, the coverage areas associated with base stations are not constantover time and may be dynamic (expanding or contracting or changingshape) based on changing transmission power levels of the base stationand/or the subscriber stations, weather conditions, and other factors.In an embodiment, the radius of the coverage areas of the base stations,for example, coverage areas 120 and 125 of base stations 102 and 103,may extend in the range from less than 2 kilometers to about fiftykilometers from the base stations.

As is well known in the art, a base station, such as base station 101,102, or 103, may employ directional antennas to support a plurality ofsectors within the coverage area. In FIG. 1, base stations 102 and 103are depicted approximately in the center of coverage areas 120 and 125,respectively. In other embodiments, the use of directional antennas maylocate the base station near the edge of the coverage area, for example,at the point of a cone-shaped or pear-shaped coverage area.

The connection to network 130 from base station 101 may comprise abroadband connection, for example, a fiber optic line, to serverslocated in a central office or another operating companypoint-of-presence. The servers may provide communication to an Internetgateway for internet protocol-based communications and to a publicswitched telephone network gateway for voice-based communications. Inthe case of voice-based communications in the form of voice-over-IP(VoIP), the traffic may be forwarded directly to the Internet gatewayinstead of the PSTN gateway. The servers, Internet gateway, and publicswitched telephone network gateway are not shown in FIG. 1. In certainembodiments, the connection to network 130 may be provided by differentnetwork nodes and equipment.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, one or moreof base stations 101-103 and/or one or more of subscriber stations111-116 comprises a receiver that is operable to decode a plurality ofdata streams received as a combined data stream from a plurality oftransmit antennas using a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) orMMSE-successive interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm. As describedin more detail below, the receiver is operable to determine a decodingorder for the data streams based on a decoding prediction metric foreach data stream that is calculated based on a strength-relatedcharacteristic of the data stream. Thus, in general, the receiverdecodes the strongest data stream first, followed by the next strongestdata stream, and so on. As a result, the decoding performance of thereceiver is improved as compared to a receiver that decodes streams in arandom or pre-determined order without being as complex as a receiverthat searches all possible decoding orders to find the optimum order.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate exemplary transmit path and receive paths,respectively, for a wireless communications system within which downlinkcontrol channel transmissions may be performed according to certainembodiments of the present disclosure. In FIGS. 2A and 2B, the OFDMAtransmit path is depicted as implemented in base station (BS) 102 andthe OFDMA receive path is depicted as implemented in subscriber station(SS) 116 for the purposes of illustration and explanation only. However,it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the OFDMA receivepath may also be implemented in BS 102 and the OFDMA transmit path maybe implemented in SS 116.

The transmit path in BS 102 comprises channel coding and modulationblock 205, serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 210, Size N Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) block 215, parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block220, add cyclic prefix block 225, up-converter (UC) 230. The receivepath in SS 116 comprises down-converter (DC) 255, remove cyclic prefixblock 260, serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 265, Size N Fast FourierTransform (FFT) block 270, parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 275,channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

At least some of the components in FIGS. 2A and 2B may be implemented insoftware while other components may be implemented by configurablehardware or a mixture of software and configurable hardware. Inparticular, it is noted that the FFT blocks and the IFFT blocksdescribed in this present disclosure document may be implemented asconfigurable software algorithms, where the value of Size N may bemodified according to the implementation.

Furthermore, although the present disclosure is directed to anembodiment that implements the Fast Fourier Transform and the InverseFast Fourier Transform, this is by way of illustration only and shouldnot be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It willbe appreciated that in an alternate embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the Fast Fourier Transform functions and the Inverse FastFourier Transform functions may easily be replaced by Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) functions and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)functions, respectively. It will be appreciated that for DFT and IDFTfunctions, the value of the N variable may be any integer number (i.e.,1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of the Nvariable may be any integer number that is a power of two (i.e., 1, 2,4, 8, 16, etc.).

In BS 102, channel coding and modulation block 205 receives a set ofinformation bits, applies coding (e.g. Turbo coding) and modulates(e.g., Quadrature Phase Shift Key or “QPSK,” Quadrature AmplitudeModulation or “QAM”) the input bits to produce a sequence offrequency-domain modulation symbols. Serial-to-parallel block 210converts (i.e., de-multiplexes) the serial modulated symbols to paralleldata to produce N parallel symbol streams where N is the IFFT/FFT sizeused in BS 102 and SS 116. Size N IFFT block 215 then performs an IFFToperation on the N parallel symbol streams to produce time-domain outputsignals. Parallel-to-serial block 220 converts (i.e., multiplexes) theparallel time-domain output symbols from Size N IFFT block 215 toproduce a serial time-domain signal. Add cyclic prefix block 225 theninserts a cyclic prefix to the time-domain signal. Finally, up-converter230 modulates (i.e., up-converts) the output of add cyclic prefix block225 to RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signalmay also be filtered at baseband before conversion to RF frequency.

The transmitted RF signal arrives at SS 116 after passing through thewireless channel and reverse operations to those at BS 102 areperformed. Down-converter 255 down-converts the received signal tobaseband frequency and remove cyclic prefix block 260 removes the cyclicprefix to produce the serial time-domain baseband signal.Serial-to-parallel block 265 converts the time-domain baseband signal toparallel time domain signals. Size N FFT block 270 then performs an FFTalgorithm to produce N parallel frequency-domain signals.Parallel-to-serial block 275 converts the parallel frequency-domainsignals to a sequence of modulated data symbols. Channel decoding anddemodulation block 280 demodulates and then decodes the modulatedsymbols to recover the original input data stream.

Each of base stations 101-103 may implement a transmit path that isanalogous to transmitting in the downlink to subscriber stations 111-116and may implement a receive path that is analogous to receiving in theuplink from subscriber stations 111-116. Similarly, each one ofsubscriber stations 111-116 may implement a transmit path correspondingto the architecture for transmitting in the uplink to base stations101-103 and may implement a receive path corresponding to thearchitecture for receiving in the downlink from base stations 101-103.

FIG. 3 illustrates one possible DownLink (DL) Transmit Time Interval(TTI) structure for transmitting Control CHannels (CCHs), which forbrevity is assumed to consist of one subframe having N=14 OFDM symbols.

The DL signals consist of data signals carrying information content,control signals, and Reference Signals (RSs), which are also known aspilot signals. The base station conveys data information to UEs throughrespective Physical Downlink Shared CHannels (PDSCHs) and conveyscontrol information through respective Physical Downlink ControlCHannels (PDCCHs). The UpLink (UL) of the communication system involvestransmissions of signals from UEs to the base station. The UL signalsalso consist of data signals, control signals and RSs. UEs convey datasignals to the base stations through respective Physical Uplink SharedCHannels (PUSCHs) and control signals through respective Physical UplinkControl CHannels (PUCCHs). A UE having a PUSCH transmission maymultiplex control information with data information in the PUSCH.

DCI serves several purposes and is conveyed through DCI formatstransmitted in respective PDCCHs. For example, DCI includes DLScheduling Assignments (SAs) for PDSCH reception and UL SAs for PUSCHtransmission. As the PDCCH is a major part of the total DL overhead, itdirectly impacts the DL throughput. One method for reducing PDCCHoverhead is to scale its size according to the resources required totransmit the DCI formats during a DL TTI. Assuming OFDM as the DLtransmission method, a Control Format Indicator (CFI) parametertransmitted through the Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel(PCFICH) can be used to indicate the number of OFDM symbols occupied bythe PDCCH.

The transmission of CCHs occupies the first M OFDM symbols of the DLTTI, as illustrated by the light gray shading in FIG. 3. The remainingN-M OFDM symbols are used primarily for PDSCH transmissions. The B andWidth (BW) unit in time and frequency for PDSCH and PUSCH transmissionsis referred to as a Physical Resource Block (PRB). A PRB consists ofseveral sub-carriers, referred to as Resource Elements (REs). REs have atime duration of 1 OFDM symbol, and are depicted as the small squares inthe enlarged view of PRB pair 1 in FIG. 3. In the example depicted, eachPRB comprises 12 REs and has a time-domain duration of 1 slot, which inthe example depicted comprises 7 OFDM symbols. A PRB-pair is a pair ofthe PRBs which occupy the first and second slots in a subframe. Thereare N_(RB) PRB pairs over the entire DL BW. The PCFICH is transmitted inseveral frequency disperse quadruplets of REs, referred to as RE Groups(REGs), in the first OFDM symbol and conveys a Control Format Indicator(CFI) of 2 bits indicating a control region size of M=1, M=2, or M=3OFDM symbols. Some OFDM symbols contain RS REs for each base stationtransmitter antenna port. These RS REs are dispersed acrosssubstantially the entire DL BW, are referred to as Cell-specific RSs(CRSs), and can be used by each UE to estimate its DL channel medium andperform other measurements. CRSs are depicted with dark gray shading inFIG. 3.

In addition to the CRSs in FIG. 3, other RS types that may exist in a DLsubframe include: the DeModulation Reference Symbol (DMRS), which istransmitted only in the PRBs used for PDSCH transmission and isUE-specific; and the Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS), which isperiodically transmitted in some subframes and is intended to serve as areplacement of the CRS.

Additional control channels may be transmitted in the control region ofa DL subframe but, for brevity, they are not shown in FIG. 3. Forexample, assuming the use of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) fordata transmissions in a PUSCH, the base station can transmit HARQACKnowledge (HARQ-ACK) information in a Physical Hybrid-HARQ IndicatorCHannel (PHICH) to indicate to each UE whether a previous transmissionof each data Transport Block (TB) in a PUSCH was correctly received(ACK) or incorrectly received (NACK). All CCHs, including PDCCH, PCFICH,and PHICH, are assumed to be transmitted over a number of REGs.

FIG. 4 illustrates the base station transmitter functions fortransmission of a DCI format in a PDCCH having the structure depicted inFIG. 3. The base station separately codes and transmits each DCI formatin a respective PDCCH.

A UE identity (UE_ID) for which a DCI format is intended to mask theCyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of the received DCI format codeword bits,in order to enable the UE to identify the particular DCI format that isintended for that UE. Alternatively, a DCI-type ID may mask the CRC ifthe DCI format provides information that can be common to UEs. The CRCof the non-coded DCI format bits is computed by CRC computation unit 401of the exemplary transmitter processing system 400 and is subsequentlymasked using the exclusive OR (XOR) operation 402 between CRC and UE_IDbits. The masked CRC is then appended to the DCI format bits in unit403, and channel coding is performed in unit 404 using, e.g., aconvolutional code, followed by rate matching in unit 405 to theallocated resources, and finally by interleaving, modulation, andtransmission of the control signal by unit 406. For example, both theCRC and the UE_ID or the DCI-type ID consist of 16 bits.

FIG. 5 illustrates the UE receiver functions for the reception of a DCIin a PDCCH having the structure depicted in FIG. 3. The exemplaryreceiver system 500 in UE receives and demodulates the received controlsignal and then de-interleaves the resulting bits in unit 501, restoresthe rate matching applied at the base station transmitter in unit 502,and subsequently decodes the encoded control information in unit 503.After decoding, the UE obtains the DCI bits in unit 504 after extractingthe CRC bits, which are then de-masked by applying the XOR operation 505with the UE_ID or the DCI-type ID. Finally, the UE receiver performs aCRC test on the DCI bits in unit 506. If the CRC test passes, the UEconsiders the DCI format as a valid one and determines the parametersfor signal reception in a PDSCH or for signal transmission in a PUSCH.If the CRC test does not pass, the UE disregards the presumed DCIformat.

To avoid a PDCCH transmission to a UE blocking a PDCCH transmission toanother UE, a PDCCH location in the control region is not unique and, asa consequence, each UE needs to perform multiple PDCCH decodingoperations per subframe in order to determine whether there is a PDCCHintended for that UE. The REs carrying a PDCCH are grouped into CCEs inthe logical domain. For a given number of DCI bits, the number of CCEsfor the respective PDCCH depends on the channel coding rate. Here, QPSKis assumed as the modulation scheme. The base station may use a lowerchannel coding rate and more CCEs for PDCCH transmissions to UEsexperiencing low DL signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) thanto UEs experiencing a high DL SINR. The CCE aggregation levels canconsist, for example, of 1, 2, 4, and 8 CCEs.

For the PDCCH decoding process, a UE may determine a search space forcandidate PDCCH transmissions after the UE restores the CCEs in thelogical domain according to a common set of CCEs for all UEs (CommonSearch Space or CSS) and according to a UE-dedicated set of CCEs(UE-specific Search Space or UE-SS). The CSS may consist of the firstCCEs in the logical domain. The UE-SS may be determined according to apseudo-random function having as inputs UE-common parameters, such asthe subframe number or the total number of CCEs in the subframe, andUE-specific parameters such as the UE_ID. For example, for CCEaggregation levels Lε{1, 2, 4, 8}, the CCEs corresponding to PDCCHcandidate m are given by:

L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(CCE,k) /L┘}+i  (1)

where N_(CCE,k) is the total number of CCEs in subframe k and i=0, . . .L−1. For the CSS, m′=m. For the UE-SS, for the serving cell on which thePDCCH is monitored, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrierindicator field, then m′=m+M^((L))·n_(CI), where n_(CI) is the carrierindicator field value. Otherwise, if the monitoring UE is not configuredwith a carrier indicator field, then m′=m, where m=0, . . . , M_((L))−1,and M^((L)) is the number of PDCCH candidates to monitor in the searchspace. Exemplary values of M^((L)) for Lε{1, 2, 4, 8} are, respectively,{6, 6, 2, 2}. For the CSS, Y_(k)=0. For the UE-SS, Y_(k)=(A·Y_(k-1))modD, where Y_(k-1)=UE_ID≠0, A=39827 and D=65537.

DCIs conveying information to multiple UEs are transmitted in the CSS.Additionally, if enough CCEs remain after the transmission of DCIsconveying information to multiple UEs, the CSS may also convey someUE-specific DCIs for PDSCH reception or PUSCH transmission. The UE-SSexclusively conveys UE-specific DCIs for PDSCH reception or PUSCHtransmission. For example, the CSS may consist of 16 CCEs and support 2PDCCH candidates with L=8 CCEs, or 4 PDCCH candidates with L=4 CCEs. TheCCEs for the CSS are placed first in the logical domain (prior tointerleaving).

FIG. 6 illustrates search spaces defined in the LTE system. The CSS 601supports 4 PDCCH candidates 602 with L=4 and 2 PDCCH candidates 603 withL=8. The UE-SS 604 supports {6, 6, 2, 2} PDCCH candidates 605, 606, 607and 608 with L={1, 2, 4, 8}, respectively.

FIG. 7 illustrates one possible base station transmitter chain fortransmission of a PCFICH having the structure depicted in FIG. 3. Thesystem 700 within the base station transmitter generates two CFI bits,then encodes the CFI bits and performs a number of repetitions to obtaina sequence of encoded CFI bits in unit 701. A (3, 2) Hamming code and 11repetitions of the encoded CFI bits are applied to obtain sequences of32 encoded bits after puncturing the last repeated encoded bit. Thesequences of encoded bits are modulated using QPSK in unit 702, and theoutput is mapped to frequency dispersed REGs in unit 703 and transmittedin a PCFICH.

FIG. 8 illustrates one possible receiver chain for reception of a PCFICHhaving the structure depicted in FIG. 3. The system 800 within the UEreceiver obtains the PCFICH, accumulates the repeated transmissions ofthe encoded CFI bits over the respective REGs in unit 801, demodulatesthe accumulated output in unit 802, decodes the resulting bits in unit803, and thereby obtains an estimate of the transmitted CFI bits.

The PHICH REGs may be placed only in the first OFDM symbol or bedistributed over the maximum of three OFDM symbols of the CCH region.PHICH transmission in each REG is not confined in only one RE but, inorder to provide interference randomization, is spread over all REs ineach REG. To avoid reducing the PHICH multiplexing capacity, orthogonalmultiplexing of PHICH transmissions may apply within each REG usingorthogonal codes with Spreading Factor (SF) equal to N_(SF,freq)^(PHICH). For a REG of 4 REs, the orthogonal codes are Walsh-Hadamard(WH) codes with N_(SF,freq) ^(PHICH)=4. For QPSK modulation and 1-bitHARQ-ACK for each data TB received by the base station, each PHICH maybe placed on the In-phase (I) or Quadrature (Q) component of the QPSKconstellation and be further modulated with a WH code over each REG. ForN_(SF,freq) ^(PHICH)=4, the 1-bit HARQ-ACK multiplexing capacity of eachPHICH is 2N_(SF,freq) ^(PHICH)=8 (obtained from the 2 dimensions of theQPSK constellation (I/Q) and from the N_(SF,freq) ^(PHICH)=4 of the WHcode). Therefore, multiple PHICHs separated through I/Q multiplexing andthrough different WH codes are mapped to the same set of REs in one ormore REGs and constitute a PHICH group. The scheme of I/Q and WH codemultiplexing in PHICH transmission is equivalent to the orthogonalmultiplexing scheme using the sequence given in the exemplary Table 1:

TABLE 1 Sequence index Orthogonal sequence 0 [+1 +1 +1 +1] 1 [+1 −1 +1−1] 2 [+1 +1 −1 −1] 3 [+1 −1 −1 +1] 4 [+j +j +j +j] 5 [+j −j +j −j] 6[+j +j −j −j] 7 [+j −j −j +j]

A PHICH resource is identified by then pair (n_(PHICH)^(group),n_(PHICH) ^(seq)) where n_(PHICH) ^(group) is a PHICH groupnumber and n_(PHICH) ^(seq) is a WH code index within the group. Thenumber of PHICH groups is N_(PHICH) ^(group)=|N_(g)(N_(RB)/8)| whereN_(g)ε{⅙, ½, 1, 2} is a parameter informed to UEs through a broadcastchannel, and N_(RB) is the total number of DL PRBs in the DL BW. The UEis informed of N_(RB) prior to any PHICH reception. The PHICH groupnumber is determined as

n _(PHICH) ^(group)=(+CSI)mod N _(PHICH) ^(group)  (2)

and the WH code index within the group is determined as

n _(PHICH) ^(seq)=(└I _(PRB) _(RA) ^(lowest) ^(index) /N _(PHICH)^(group) ┘+CSI)mod 2N _(SF,freq) ^(PHICH)  (3)

Where I_(PRB) _(—) _(RA) ^(lowest) ^(—) ^(index) is the smallest PRBindex of the PUSCH conveying the data TB corresponding to the HARQ-ACKbit transmitted in the PHICH, and CSI is the cyclic shift index (CSI) ofthe CAZAC sequence used for the RS transmission in the PUSCH.

The control region for transmissions of CCHs uses a maximum of M=3 OFDMsymbols and each CCH is transmitted over substantially the entire DL BW.As a consequence, the control region has limited capacity and cannotachieve interference co-ordination in the frequency domain. There areseveral cases where expanded capacity or interference co-ordination inthe frequency domain is needed for transmissions of CCHs: one such caseis for cell aggregation where DL SAs or UL SAs scheduling respectivePDSCHs or PUSCHs to a UE in multiple cells are transmitted in a singlecell; another case is the extensive use of spatial multiplexing wheremultiple DL SAs or UL SAs schedule respective PDSCHs or PUSCHs in thesame resources; and another case is when DL transmissions in one cellexperience strong interference from DL transmissions in another cell andDL interference co-ordination in the frequency domain between the twocells is needed.

Due to the REG-based transmission and interleaving of CCHs, the controlregion cannot be expanded to include more OFDM symbols while maintainingcompatible operation with existing UEs that cannot be aware of suchexpansion. A solution for this issue is to extend the control region inthe PDSCH region and use individual PRBs for transmission of new CCHs,which will be referred to herein as Extended CCHs (eCCHs) and includeePDCCH, ePCFICH, and ePHICH.

The operational functionality of an extended control region and of eCCHstransmitted in PRBs in the PDSCH region of a DL subframe to enablemulti-user Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission ofePDCCHs is described below. The present disclosure also presents a newsearch space design for ePDCCHs.

Localized ePDCCH & Distributed ePDCCH

FIG. 9 illustrates the distributed transmission of ePDCCHs according tocertain embodiments of the present disclosure. An ePDCCH is distributedover multiple distributed PRBs to obtain frequency diversity gain aswell as interference diversity gain, as shown in FIG. 9. Since HARQ isnot applied to ePDCCH, robust transmission of ePDCCH is important.Distributed PRB transmission enables robust transmission by achievingfrequency diversity. The group-UE-specific DMRS is used for the UEs toestimate the channel response for demodulation. In the embodiment shownin FIG. 9, the UEs receiving ePDCCHs 1, 2, and 3 use the same respectiveDMRS for demodulation of those ePDCCHs.

FIG. 10 illustrates localized transmission of ePDCCHs according tocertain embodiments of the present disclosure. An ePDCCH is transmittedon one or more PRB part(s) using its own UE-specific DMRS, asillustrated in FIG. 10, where a PRB-pair consists of one or multiple PRBpart(s).

This transmission scheme is intended to maximize beamforming gain forthe ePDCCH. Furthermore, the transmission scheme is suitable formulti-user MIMO transmissions of ePDCCHs. Therefore, reasonably accuratechannel knowledge at a base station is necessary. If the channelknowledge at the base station is inaccurate, then the base station mayneed to consider a relatively large margin in resource allocation forrobustness. The UE-specific DMRS is used for the UEs to estimate thechannel response for demodulation. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.10, the UEs receiving ePDCCHs 1, 2, and 3 use their own DMRS (DMRS₁,DMRS₂ or DMRS₃) for demodulation.

New Control Region in the PDSCH Region

Introduction of distributed transmission and localized transmission ofePDCCHs brings a need to develop a scheme for multiplexing the differenttypes of ePDCCHs. Since distributed ePDCCH and localized ePDCCH cannotoccupy the same PRB, frequency division multiplexing is the most naturalsolution. The UEs should be aware of which PRBs are reserved as thedistributed ePDCCH region or the localized ePDCCH region. Thisindication may be signaled via a higher layer and/or the physical layer.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary new control regions mapping accordingto one embodiment of the present disclosure. Virtual Resource Blocks(VRBs) are the logical BW unit and the mapping rule between VRBs andPRB-pairs is predefined. VRBs are preferably addressed to indicate aPRB-pair assuming a predefined mapping rule. Consecutive VRBs aredistributed over the entire DL BW. A VRB consists of multiple eREGs andis mapped to a PRB. Multiple eREGs construct an eCCE. The number ofeREGs forming an eCCE is fixed in the distributed region (e.g., aneCCE=9 REGs), while that number is nonetheless variable depending on thesubframe type, the number of CRS ports, the presence of CSI-RS, etc. inthe localized region. The eREGs forming an ePDCCH are distributed overmultiple PRBs while the eREGs forming a cPDCCH are located in one or atmost two PRBs. By doing so, both channel sensitive scheduling withappropriate beamforming for localized ePDCCHs and frequency diversityfor distributed ePDCCH can be obtained.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, N_(L) VRBs are reserved as thelocalized control region and N_(D) VRBs are reserved as the distributedcontrol region. In the example depicted, the localized VRBs aredispersed non-contiguously among PRB-pair 1 through PRB-pair N_(RB)−2,the distributed VRBs are intermingled among the localized VRBs and aredispersed non-contiguously among PRB-pair 3 through PRB-pair N_(RB)−1.The values of N_(L) and N_(D) are configured by ePCFICH or a higherlayer signaling. For example, both may be configured by a higher layersignaling without introducing ePCFICH. Another example is that N_(L) isconfigured by a higher layer signaling while N_(D) is configured byePCFICH. Yet another example is that N_(L) is configured by ePCFICH₁while N_(D) is configured by ePCFICH₂, with defining two ePCFICHs. Theexact values of N_(L) and N_(D) can be dependent on the system BW.

eCCE Mappings and ePDCCHs Construction

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary eCCE mapping in the localized VRBs withN_(L)=3 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thelegacy control region of M OFDM symbols is retained; in the example ofFIG. 12, M=3 as in FIG. 3. In addition, the CRSs occupy the samelocations within and outside the legacy control region as in theexemplary structure of FIG. 3. The remaining REs outside the legacycontrol region in the three localized VRBs are associated with eCCEs. Inthis embodiment, an eREG consists of one RE and one VRB includesN_(eCCEperVRB) eCCEs, where N_(eCCEperVRB)=4 in the example of FIG. 12.Here, N_(eCCEperVRB) is the number of eCCEs per VRB. Even-numbered eCCHsare located in the first slot of a subframe and odd-numbered eCCHs arelocated in the second slot of a subframe. The structure of DMRS foreCCHs is same as that for PDSCH. The pair of DMRSs associated withantenna ports 7 and 8 (or corresponding antenna ports 107 and 108) areCode Division Multiplexed (CDMed) using the size-2 Walsh code on the REsof the DMRS antenna ports 7 and 8, and are depicted in FIG. 12 asspeckled, without gray shading (the sixth, seventh, thirteenth andfourteenth OFDM symbols in each of the first, sixth, and eleventh rowsof each of Localized VRB 0, Localized VRB 1 and Localized VRB2).Similarly, the pair of DMRSs associated with antenna ports 9 and 10 (orcorresponding antenna ports 109 and 110) are also CDMed using the size-2Walsh code on the REs of the DMRS antenna ports 9 and 10, and aredepicted in FIG. 12 as speckled with light gray shading (the sixth,seventh, thirteenth and fourteenth OFDM symbols in each of the second,seventh, and twelfth rows of each of Localized VRB 0, Localized VRB 1and Localized VRB2). Assuming the minimum aggregation level (AL) toconstruct an ePDCCH is 1, at most 4 ePDCCHs which occupy orthogonalresources in a localized VRB are defined. In the example of FIG. 12, theremaining REs outside the legacy control region in the upper leftquadrant of Localized VRB 0 form eCCE0, depicted with vertical hatching,without gray shading. The otherwise unoccupied REs in the upper rightquadrant of Localized VRB 0 form eCCE1, depicted with horizontalhatching, without gray shading. The otherwise unused REs outside thelegacy control region in the lower left quadrant of Localized VRB 0 formeCCE2, depicted with vertical hatching with light gray shading. Theotherwise unused REs in the lower right quadrant of Localized VRB 0 formeCCE3, depicted with horizontal hatching with light gray shading. Theotherwise unused REs within Localized VRB similarly form eCCE4, eCCE5,eCCE6 and eCCE7, depicted with right-to-left diagonal hatchingsuperimposed on the characteristics described above. The otherwiseunused REs within Localized VRB 2 form eCCE8, eCCE9, eCCE10 and eCCE11,depicted with left-to-right diagonal hatching superimposed on thecharacteristics described above.

Alternatively, eCCEs can be mapped in the localized VRBs as illustratedin FIG. 13. As discussed above, one DMRS will be assigned to one ePDCCHin the localized VRBs. Since the DMRS REs are distributed in a VRB toobtain uniform channel estimation performance for any ePDCCHs, differenteCCE mapping can be considered. In this embodiment, the REGs(=REs) of aneCCE are mapped in the time direction and then in the frequencydirection in a VRB with a predefined frequency offset in subcarrierssuch that eCCHs within a VRB are interlaced in the frequency domain. Aswith the example of FIG. 12, the mapping should skip the REs which arepreoccupied by other channels or signals, e.g. CRS, DMRS, PBCH,synchronization signals, and the like. In this embodiment, thepredefined frequency offset is equal to N_(eCCEperVRB)=4. eCCE0 througheCCE11, depicted with the same characteristics as in FIG. 12, eachoccupy every fourth row of OFDM symbols in the respective Localized VRB0, Localized VRB 1 and Localized VRB 2.

FIG. 14 illustrates one exemplary ePDCCH construction in the localizedVRBs where N_(L)=3, assuming the eCCE mapping is the same as theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 12. An ePDCCH is constructed byaggregating L eCCHs, where Lε{2, 4, 8}. A higher aggregation levelePDCCH will be transmitted to relatively worse channel condition UEwhile a lower aggregation level ePDCCH will be transmitted to relativelybetter channel condition UE.

Referring to FIG. 14, the aggregation levels of ePDCCHs A, B, C, D, andE are 2, 1, 1, 4, and 8, respectively, and 5 ePDCCHs (A-E) areconstructed as follows: ePDCCH A is constructed by aggregating eCCE0 andeCCE1 in FIG. 12; ePDCCH B is constructed by eCCE2 alone, as in FIG. 12;ePDCCH C is constructed by eCCE3 alone, as in FIG. 12; ePDCCH D isconstructed by aggregating eCCE4, eCCE5, eCCE6, and eCCE7 in FIG. 12;and ePDCCH E is constructed by aggregating eCCE8, eCCE9, eCCE10, andeCCH11 in FIG. 12, as well as eCCH12, eCCH13, eCHH14 and eCCE15 inLocalized VRB 3, having the same arrangement as eCCEs in the localizedVRBs of FIG. 12.

There can be other embodiments to achieve uniform channel estimationperformance for ePDCCHs such as: the REGs of an eCCE are mapped in thefrequency direction and then in the time direction in a VRB with apredefined time offset (=N_(eCCEperVRB)) in OFDM symbols such that eCCHswithin a VRB are interlaced in the time domain; one REG of an eCCH ismapped once every other N_(eCCEperVRB) REs in the frequency directionand then in the time direction; and one REG of an eCCH is mapped onceevery other N eCCEperVRB REs in the time direction and then in thefrequency direction.

MU-MIMO of Localized ePDCCHs

Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) of localized ePDCCHs should enable multipleePDCCHs to share the same set of resources in their transmissions.Different signatures of DMRS are needed for this operation because ifthe same DMRS is used then a UE cannot correctly estimate its channelresponse due to the co-channel interference in channel estimate. Thereare two ways to provide different signatures of DMRS for MU-MIMO.

Firstly, orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO: orthogonal DMRS are assignedto different ePDCCHs for MU-MIMO. With this approach, the UE canestimate its DL channel response without co-channel interference. Forexample, DMRS antenna ports 7 and 8, which are orthogonal to each otherowing to CDM using the Walsh code, are assigned to two different ePDCCHstransmitted to different UEs.

Secondly, non-orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO: non-orthogonal DMRS aregenerated by applying different scrambling sequence while using the samefrequency-time resources and the same Walsh code. Non-orthogonal DMRSassisted MU-MIMO has been supported for PDSCH from LTE Rel-9. Ascrambling sequence identification (SCID) is used in generating the DMRSscrambling sequence. Since DMRSs generated by different SCIDs are notorthogonal to each other, co-channel interference in channel estimationis unavoidable. However, in MU-MIMO transmissions, thebase station issupposed to apply appropriate precoders to both DMRS and ePDCCH toreduce the co-channel interference, so higher spatial reuse is expectedwith non-orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO even though using orthogonalDMRS will always provide better or at least equal channel estimationperformance. For example, DMRS antenna ports 7 and 7′, which are notorthogonal to each other but share the same DMRS REs reserved for DMRSantenna port 7, are assigned to two different ePDCCHs transmitted todifferent UEs.

The SCID for MU-MIMO of PDSCH was signaled by PDCCH. However, thiscannot apply for ePDCCH since ePDCCH is the physical layer controlchannel. To address this issue, a higher signaling can be used for thesignaling of SCID. Alternatively, the SCID for MU-MIMO of PDSCH can betied with the ePDCCH search space design in order not to introduceadditional signaling overhead.

Mapping Between DMRS Antenna Port and ePDCCH

As discussed above, for a UE to demodulate and decode its ePDCCH, a DMRSantenna port should be assigned to the ePDCCH. To define how to mapbetween DMRS antenna port and ePDCCH, the present disclosure presentsembodiments for the ePDCCH search space to indicate the eCCHs occupiedby an ePDCCH candidate and the associated DMRS antenna portsimultaneously.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCH searchspace indicates the ePDCCH candidates, and the mapping between DMRSantenna port and ePDCCH is dependent on the UE identity, the aggregationlevel and the leading eCCE's index of the ePDCCH. This embodimentenables the MU-MIMO transmissions using orthogonal DMRS.

For eCCE aggregation levels Lε{1, 2, 4, 8}, the eCCEs corresponding toePDCCH candidate m are given by, e.g., Equation (1) above, withN_(eCCE,k) in place of N_(CCE,k): CCEs for ePDCCH candidate m:

L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCC,k) /L┘}+i  (4)

where N_(eCCE,k) is the total number of eCCEs for the localized ePDCCHsin subframe k and i=0, . . . , L−1. If ePCFICH is not introduced fordynamic configuration of the localized control region size, N_(eCCE,k)is determined by higher layer signaling and does not vary depending onsubframe index k. For the UE-SS, for the serving cell on which ePDCCH ismonitored, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrier indicatorfield then m′=m+M^((L))·n_(CI), where n_(CI) is the carrier indicatorfield value. Otherwise, if the monitoring UE is not configured with acarrier indicator field then m′=m, where m=0, . . . , M^((L))−1, andM^((L)) is the number of ePDCCH candidates to monitor in the searchspace.

In searching eCCEs for ePDCCH candidate m, equation (4) can be rewrittenas follows:

n _(eCCE,leading) +i  (5)

where n_(eCCE,leading) is the leading eCCE,

$L \cdot {\{ {( {Y_{k} + m^{\prime}} ){mod}\lfloor \frac{N_{{eCCE},k}}{L} \rfloor} \}.}$

In other words, the leading eCCE has the lowest index among eCCEs, andthe eCCEs for ePDCCH candidate m consist of the leading CCE and theconsecutive following eCCEs depending upon aggregation level L.

In this embodiment, the DMRS antenna port of ePDCCH candidate m isdetermined by, for example:

$\begin{matrix}{p = {7 + {\lbrack {L \cdot \{ {( {Y_{k} + m^{\prime}} ){mod}\lfloor \frac{N_{{eCCE},k}}{L} \rfloor} \}} \rbrack {mod}\; N_{eCCEperVRB}} + \Delta_{DMRS}}} & (6)\end{matrix}$

where Δ_(DMRS) indicates the DMRS antenna port offset from the DMRSantenna port determined by the leading eCCE's index and is given as afunction of at least the UE identity and the aggregation level, i.e.,different UEs will have different DMRS antenna port offsets. In Equation(6), ‘7’ is added for setting a base number for the DMRS antenna port inthe exemplary embodiment; however, that constant can be configured toany desired number in other embodiments.

Equation (6) can be rewritten using n_(eCCE,leading) as follows:

p=7+n _(eCCE,leading) mod N _(eCCEperVRB)+Δ_(DMRS)  (7)

In this embodiment, an example of the offset function is

Δ_(DMRS)(UE_ID,L)={UE_ID mod L} mod N _(DMRS,L)  (8)

or equivalently Δ_(DMRS)(UE_ID, L)={UE_ID mod L} mod {min(L,N_(DMRS,L))} if L={1, 2, 4, 8} and N_(DMRS,L){2, 4}, whereN_(DMRS,L) is the number of DMRS antenna ports available for ePDCCHsdepending on the aggregation level and given as fixed values or set upby a higher layer signaling. Note that N_(DMRS,L)≦N_(eCCEperVRB) sincethe number of DMRS antenna ports required for this operation does notneed to exceed the number of eCCEs per VRB and, if the MU-MIMO orderdoes not need to be limited for L>1, then typicallyN_(DMRS,L)=N_(DMRS)=N_(eCCEperVRB) is sufficient regardless of L, and nohigher layer signaling is needed in this case. If the offset function ofEquation (8) is applied, then Equations (6) and (7) will become:

p=7+n _(eCCE,leading) mod N _(eCCEperVRB)+{UE_ID mod L} mod N_(DMRS,L)  (9)

Equation (9) means that the DMRS antenna port is decided by UE_ID, theaggregation level, and the leading eCCE's index of the ePDCCH. Forexample, assuming that N_(eCCEperVRB)=4 andN_(DMRS,1)=N_(DMRS,2)=N_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=4, for L=1, DMRS antennaport 7, 8, 9 or 10 is assigned if the eCCE index is 4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, or4n+3, respectively. Also, for L=2, DMRS antenna port 7 or 8 is assignedif the leading eCCE's index is 4n, and UE_ID=2n′ or 2n′+1, respectively;and DMRS antenna port 9 or 10 is assigned if the leading eCCE's index is4n+2, and UE_ID=2n′ or 2n′+1, respectively. Further, for L=4 or L=8,DMRS antenna port 7, 8, 9 or 10 is assigned if UE_ID=4n′, 4n′+1, 4n′+2or 4n′+3, respectively. Here, n and n′ are integer numbers.

Another example of the offset function is:

Δ_(DMRS)(UE_ID,L)={Y _(k) mod L} mod N _(DMRS,L)  (10)

or equivalently Δ_(DMRS)(UE_ID,L)={Y_(k) mod L} mod { min(N_(DMRS,L))}if L={1, 2, 4, 8} and N_(DMRS,L)={2, 4}, which means Δ_(DMRS) is derivedfrom the UE-specific time-varying random variable, Y_(k).

Further, another example of the offset function is

Δ_(DMRS)(UE_ID,L)={(UE_ID+k)mod L} mod N _(DMRS,L)  (11)

which means Δ_(DMRS) is directly derived from UE_ID and the subframeindex, k.

In this embodiment, MU-MIMO of ePDCCHs is supported by usingnon-orthogonal DMRS because ePDCCHs occupying the same set of eCCEs willuse the same DMRS antenna port. The SCID of the DMRS is configured by aUE-specific higher layer signaling or determined by a parameter, e.g.,the transmission point identification (TPID) in the distributed antennasystems.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCHsearch space indicates the ePDCCH candidates, the mapping between DMRSantenna port and ePDCCH is predefined, and the SCID of the DMRS isconfigured by a higher layer.

As noted above, for eCCE aggregation levels Lε{1, 2, 4, 8}, the eCCEscorresponding to ePDCCH candidate m are given by, e.g., Equation (1),with N_(eCCE,k) in place of N_(CCE,k):

L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}+i  (12)

where N_(eCCE,k) is the total number of eCCEs for the localized ePDCCHsin subframe k and i=0, . . . , L−1. If ePCFICH is not introduced fordynamic configuration of the localized control region size, N_(ecCE,k)is determined by higher layer signaling and does not vary depending onsubframe index k. For the UE-SS, for the serving cell on which theePDCCH is monitored, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrierindicator field, then m′=m+M^((L))·n_(CI), where n_(CI) is the carrierindicator field value. Otherwise, if the monitoring UE is not configuredwith a carrier indicator field, then m′=m, where m=0, . . . , M^((L))−1,and M^((L)) is the number of ePDCCH candidates to monitor in the searchspace.

The DMRS antenna port of ePDCCH candidate m is determined by, forexample:

p=7+[L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}] mod N _(eCCEperVRB)  (13)

which means that the DMRS antenna port is decided by the leading eCCE'sindex of the ePDCCH, i.e. assuming N_(eCCEperVRB)=4, DMRS antenna port7, 8, 9 or 10 is assigned if the leading eCCE's index is 4n, 4n+1, 4n+2or 4n+3, respectively. Here, n is an integer number.

In this embodiment, MU-MIMO of ePDCCHs is supported by usingnon-orthogonal DMRS because ePDCCHs occupying the same set of eCCEs willuse the same DMRS antenna port. The SCID of the DMRS is configured by aUE-specific higher layer signaling or determined by a parameter, e.g.,the transmission point identification (TPID) in the distributed antennasystems.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCHsearch space indicates the ePDCCH candidates and the SCID of the DMRS ofan ePDCCH candidate, the mapping between DMRS antenna port and ePDCCH ispredefined.

The eCCEs corresponding to an ePDCCH candidate and its associated DMRSantenna port are determined by Equation (12). The SCID of the DMRS isdefined as a function of Y_(k) and a function of the ePDCCH candidateindex m, for example:

SCID=(Y _(k) +m′)mod N _(SCID)  (14)

where N_(SCID) denotes the number of total SCIDs.

Another embodiment of deciding SCID is that the SCID of the DMRS isdefined as a function of Y_(k) and not a function of the ePDCCHcandidate index m, for example:

SCID=Y _(k) mod N _(SCID)  (15)

Another embodiment of deciding SCID is that the SCID of the DMRS isdefined as a function of Y₋₁=UE_ID≠0, for example:

SCID=UE_ID mod N _(SCID)  (16)

In this embodiment, a higher layer signaling does not need to beintroduced for SCID configuration because the SCID is implicitlydetermined by the search space.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCHsearch space indicates the ePDCCH candidates and the associated DMRSantenna port while the SCID of the DMRS is configured by a higher layer.

For eCCE aggregation levels Lε{1, 2, 4, 8}, the eCCEs corresponding toePDCCH candidate m may be given by, for example:

L·└x _(k,m) /L┘+1  (17)

where

${X_{k,m} = {( {Y_{k} + m^{\prime}} ){{mod}( {L \cdot \lfloor \frac{N_{{eCCE},k}}{L} \rfloor} )}}},$

N_(eCCE,k) is the total number of eCCEs for the localized ePDCCHs insubframe k and i=0, . . . , L−1. If ePCFICH is not introduced fordynamic configuration of the localized control region size, N_(eCCE,k)is determined by higher layer signaling and does not vary depending onsubframe index k. For the UE-SS, for the serving cell on which theePDCCH is monitored, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrierindicator field, then m′=m+M^((L))·n_(CI), where n_(CI) is the carrierindicator field value. Otherwise, if the monitoring UE is not configuredwith a carrier indicator field, then m′=m, where m=0, M^((L))−1, andM^((L)) is the number of ePDCCH candidates to monitor in the searchspace.

The DMRS antenna port of ePDCCH candidate m is determined by, forexample:

p=7+(x _(k,m) −N _(eCCEperVRB) └x _(k,m) /N _(eCCEperVRB)┘)mod N_(DMRS,L)  (18)

where N_(DMRS,L) is the number of DMRS antenna ports available forePDCCHs and given as fixed values or set up by a higher layer signaling.In this embodiment, it is assumed that N_(DMRS,L) depends on theaggregation level. As another embodiment, it can be assumed thatN_(DMRS,L)=N_(DMRS) for all aggregation levels. N_(DMRS,L) can beconfigured by higher layer signal or given as fixed values, e.g.,N_(DMRS,1)=N_(DMRS,2)=4 and N_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=2.

FIG. 15 illustrates the decision of the leading eCCE and the DMRSantenna port where N_(DMRS)=4 according to one embodiment of the presentdisclosure. In this embodiment, a random variable x_(k,m) points to aneCCE. Each eCCE is mapped to a DMRS antenna port such as: eCCE 4n ismapped to DMRS antenna port 7; eCCE 4n+1 is mapped to DMRS antenna port8; eCCE 4n+2 is mapped to DMRS antenna port 9; eCCE 4n+3 is mapped toDMRS antenna port 10.

Referring to FIG. 15, x_(k,m) pointed eCCE 8k+5. When the LTE Rel-8 ruleof making a PDCCH candidate is applied to this example, it leads to thefollowing ePDCCH construction method for each aggregation level: in caseof L=1, eCCE 8k+5 will construct an ePDCCH candidate with the leadingeCCE 8k+5; in case of L=2, eCCEs 8k+4 and 8k+5 will construct an ePDCCHcandidate with the leading eCCE 8k+4; in case of L=4, eCCEs 8k+4 to 8k+7will construct an ePDCCH candidate with the leading eCCE 8k+4; and incase of L=8, eCCEs 8k to 8k+7 will construct an ePDCCH candidate withthe leading eCCE 8k.

The DMRS antenna port can be decided by the leading eCCE derived fromEquation (12). On the other hand, the DMRS antenna port is decided byx_(k,m) in this embodiment, which allows multiple UEs to have a givenePDCCH candidate with orthogonal DMRS antenna ports and this operationimplicitly supports the orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO of ePDCCHs.

For example, assuming a random variable x_(k,m) for a UE (UE-a) pointseCCE 8k+5 and that for another UE (UE-b) points eCCE 8k+4. In case ofL=2, both UEs will have the same ePDCCH candidate which consists ofeCCEs 8k+4 and 8k+5. According to Equations (12) and (13), both UEs thathave the ePDCCH candidate are supposed to use the same DMRS antenna port7 as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B. To support MU-MIMO, both UEs should beassigned different SCID. This is the operation of non-orthogonal DMRSassisted MU-MIMO. On the other hand, UE-a and UE-b will be assigned DMRSantenna ports 8 and 7, respectively, as shown in FIG. 17, which allowsthe orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO.

In this embodiment, the non-orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO is alsosupportable by either configuring the SCID of the DMRS either via aUE-specific higher layer signaling or determining it by a parameter,e.g. the transmission point identification (TPID) in the distributedantenna systems. Therefore, this embodiment supports both orthogonalDMRS assisted MU-MIMO and non-orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO andpresents more flexibility in ePDCCH scheduling to the base station.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCHsearch space indicates the ePDCCH candidates, the associated DMRSantenna port, and the SCID of the DMRS of an ePDCCH candidate as well.

The eCCEs corresponding to an ePDCCH candidate and its associated DMRSantenna port are determined by Equations 18 and 19. The SCID of the DMRSis defined as a function of Y_(k) and a function of the ePDCCH candidateindex m, e.g., Equation (15). Another example of deciding SCID is thatthe SCID of the DMRS is defined as a function of Y_(k) and not afunction of the ePDCCH candidate index m, e.g., Equation (16). Anotherexample of deciding SCID is that the SCID of the DMRS is defined as afunction of Y₋₁=UE_ID≠0, e.g., Equation (15). In this embodiment, ahigher layer signaling does not need to be introduced for SCIDconfiguration because the SCID is implicitly determined by the searchspace.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCHsearch space indicates the ePDCCH candidates and the SCID of the DMRS,and the mapping between DMRS antenna port and ePDCCH is dependent onUE_ID, the aggregation level, and the leading eCCE's index of theePDCCH.

The eCCEs corresponding to an ePDCCH candidate and its associated DMRSantenna port are determined by Equation (4). The SCID of the DMRS isdefined as a function of Y_(k) and a function of the ePDCCH candidateindex m, e.g., Equation (14). Another example of deciding SCID is thatthe SCID of the DMRS is defined as a function of Y_(k) and not afunction of the ePDCCH candidate index m, e.g., Equation (15). Anotherexample of deciding SCID is that the SCID of the DMRS is defined as afunction of Y₋₁=UE_ID≠0, e.g., Equation (16).

In this embodiment, a higher layer signaling does not need to beintroduced for SCID configuration because the SCID is implicitlydetermined by the search space.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCH searchspace indicates that the ePDCCH candidates, the mapping between DMRSantenna port and ePDCCH is dependent on the UE_ID, the aggregationlevel, the ePDCCH candidate index, and the leading eCCE's index of theePDCCH, where the SCID of the DMRS is configured by a higher layer.

For eCCE aggregation levels Lε{1, 2, 4, 8}, the eCCEs corresponding toePDCCH candidate m are given by, for example:

L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}  (19)

where N_(eCCE,k) is the total number of eCCEs for the localized ePDCCHsin subframe k and i=0, . . . , L−1. If ePCFICH is not introduced fordynamic configuration of the localized control region size, N_(eCCE,k)is determined by higher layer signaling and does not vary depending onsubframe index k. For the UE-SS, for the serving cell on which ePDCCH ismonitored, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrier indicatorfield then m′=m+M^((L))·n_(CI), where n_(CI) is the carrier indicatorfield value. Otherwise, if the monitoring UE is not configured withcarrier indicator field then m′=m, where m=0, . . . , M^((L))−1, andM^((L)) is the number of ePDCCH candidates to monitor in the searchspace.

The DMRS antenna port of ePDCCH candidate m is determined by, forexample:

p=7+[L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}] mod N_(eCCEperVRB)+Δ_(DMRS)(m,L)  (20)

where Δ_(DMRS)(m,L) indicates the DMRS antenna port offset from the DMRSantenna port determined by the leading eCCE's index and is given as afunction of the ePDCCH candidate index m and aggregation level L. Thisproperty allows a UE to have different DMRS antenna ports for differentePDCCH candidates and therefore, if two UEs are assigned the same ePDCCHcandidate but different DMRS antenna ports, then their ePDCCHs can bemultiplexed using the same ePDCCH candidate.

An example of the offset function is Δ_(DMRS)(m,L)={m mod L} modN_(DMRS,L). N_(DMRS,L) is the number of DMRS antenna ports available forePDCCHs depending on the aggregation level and given as fixed values orset up by a higher layer signaling. If the example is applied, thenEquation (15) will become:

p=7+[L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}] mod N _(eCCEperVRB) +{m modL} mod N _(DMRS,L)  (21)

which means that the DMRS antenna port is decided by UE_ID, theaggregation level, the ePDCCH candidate index, and the leading eCCE'sindex of the ePDCCH, i.e., assuming N_(eCCEperVRB)=4 andN_(DMRS,1)=N_(DMRS,2)=N_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=4.

In this embodiment, for L=1, DMRS antenna port 7, 8, 9, or 10 isassigned if the eCCE index is 4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, or 4n+3, respectively. ForL=2, DMRS antenna port 7 is assigned if the leading eCCE's index is 4nand m=2n′; DMRS antenna port 8 is assigned if the leading eCCE's indexis 4n and m=2n′+1; DMRS antenna port 9 is assigned if the leading eCCE'sindex is 4n+2 and m=2n′; and DMRS antenna port 10 is assigned if theleading eCCE's index is 4n+2 and m=2n′+1. For L=4 or L=8, DMRS antennaport 7, 8, 9 or 10 is assigned if m=4n′, 4n′+1, 4n′+2 or 4n′+3. Notethat n and n′ are integer numbers. DMRS antenna ports 9 and 10 are notactually assigned for L=4 or L=8 if we maintain M⁽⁴⁾=M⁽⁸⁾=2. Therefore,there is no need to have N_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=4, i.e.,N_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=2 is enough. Another example of the offsetfunction is Δ_(DMRS)(m,L)={m′ mod L} mod N_(DMRS,L).

In this embodiment, MU-MIMO of ePDCCHs is supported by usingnon-orthogonal DMRS because the ePDCCHs occupying the same set of eCCEswill use the same DMRS antenna port. The SCID of the DMRS is eitherconfigured by a UE-specific higher layer signaling or determined by aparameter, e.g., the transmission point identification (TPID) in thedistributed antenna systems.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCHsearch space indicates the ePDCCH candidates and the SCID of the DMRS,and the mapping between DMRS antenna port and ePDCCH is dependent onUE_ID, the aggregation level, and the leading eCCE's index of theePDCCH.

The eCCEs corresponding to an ePDCCH candidate and its associated DMRSantenna port are determined by Equations (19) and (20). The SCID of theDMRS is defined as a function of Y_(k) and a function of the ePDCCHcandidate index m, e.g., Equation (14). Another example of deciding SCIDis that the SCID of the DMRS is defined as a function of Y_(k) and not afunction of the ePDCCH candidate index m, e.g., Equation (15). Anotherexample of deciding SCID is that the SCID of the DMRS is defined as afunction of Y₋₁=UE_ID≠0, e.g., Equation (16).

In this embodiment, a higher layer signaling does not need to beintroduced for SCID configuration because the SCID is implicitlydetermined by the search space.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCH searchspace indicates the ePDCCH candidates, the mapping between DMRS antennaport and ePDCCH is dependent on the ePDCCH candidate index and theaggregation level, and the SCID of the DMRS is configured by a higherlayer.

For eCCE aggregation levels Lε{1, 2, 4, 8}, the eCCEs corresponding toePDCCH candidate m are given by, e.g. CCEs for ePDCCH candidate m:

L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}+i  (22)

where N_(eCCE,k) is the total number of eCCEs for the localized ePDCCHsin subframe k and 0, . . . , L−1. If ePCFICH is not introduced fordynamic configuration of the localized control region size N_(eCCE,k) isdetermined by higher layer signaling and does not vary depending onsubframe index k. For the UE-SS, for the serving cell on which theePDCCH is monitored, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrierindicator field, then m′=m+M^((L))·n_(CI), where n_(CI) is the carrierindicator field value. Otherwise, if the monitoring UE is not configuredwith a carrier indicator field, then m′=m, where m=0, . . . , M^((L))−1,and M^((L)) is the number of ePDCCH candidates to monitor in the searchspace.

The DMRS antenna port of ePDCCH candidate m is determined by, forexample:

p=7+Δ_(DMRS)(m,L)  (23)

where Δ_(DMRS)(m,L) indicates the DMRS antenna port offset from DMRSantenna port 7 and is given as a function of the ePDCCH candidate indexm and the aggregation level L. This property allows a UE to havedifferent DMRS antenna ports for different ePDCCH candidates andtherefore, if two UEs are assigned the same ePDCCH candidate butdifferent DMRS antenna ports, then their ePDCCHs can be multiplexedusing the same ePDCCH candidate.

An example of the offset function is Δ_(DMRS)(m,L)=m mod N_(DMRS,L).N_(DMRS,L) is the number of DMRS antenna ports available for ePDCCHsdepending on the aggregation level and given as fixed values or set upby a higher layer signaling. If the example is applied, then Equation 23will become

p=7+m mod N _(DMRS,L)  (24)

which means that the DMRS antenna port is decided by UE_ID, theaggregation level, the ePDCCH candidate index, and the leading eCCE'sindex of the ePDCCH, i.e. assuming N_(eCCEperVRB)=4 andN_(DMRS,1)=N_(DMRS,2)=N_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=4, DMRS antenna port 7, 8, 9or 10 is assigned if m=4n′, 4n′+1, 4n′+2 or 4n′+3. Note that n′ is aninteger number. In this exemplary offset function, DMRS antenna ports 9and 10 are not actually assigned for L=4 or L=8 if we maintainM⁽⁴⁾=M⁽⁸⁾=2. Therefore, there is no need to haveN_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=4, i.e. N_(DMRS,4)=N_(DMRS,8)=2 is sufficient.Another example of the offset function is Δ_(DMRS)(m,L)={m′ mod L} modN_(DMRS,L).

In this embodiment, MU-MIMO of ePDCCHs is supported by usingnon-orthogonal DMRS because ePDCCHs occupying a same set of eCCEs willuse the same DMRS antenna port. The SCID of the DMRS is configured by aUE-specific higher layer signaling or determined by a parameter, e.g.,the transmission point identification (TPID) in the distributed antennasystems.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCHsearch space indicates the ePDCCH candidates and the SCID of the DMRS,the mapping between DMRS antenna port and ePDCCH is dependent on theePDCCH candidate index and the aggregation level. The eCCEscorresponding to an ePDCCH candidate and its associated DMRS antennaport are determined by Equations (21) and (22). The SCID of the DMRS isdefined as a function of Y_(k) and a function of the ePDCCH candidateindex m, e.g., Equation (14). Another example of deciding SCID is thatthe SCID of the DMRS is defined as a function of Y_(k) and not afunction of the ePDCCH candidate index m, e.g., Equation (15). Anotherexample of deciding SCID is that the SCID of the DMRS is defined as afunction of Y₋₁=UE_ID≠0, e.g., Equation (16).

In this embodiment, a higher layer signaling does not need to beintroduced for SCID configuration because the SCID is implicitlydetermined by the search space.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the ePDCCH searchspace indicates the ePDCCH candidates and the associated DMRS antennaport while the SCID of the DMRS is configured by a higher layer.

For eCCE aggregation levels Lε{1, 2, 4, 8}, the eCCEs corresponding toePDCCH candidate m are given by, for example:

L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}+i  (25)

where N_(eCCE,k) is the total number of eCCEs for the localized ePDCCHsin subframe k and i=0, . . . , L−1. If ePCFICH is not introduced fordynamic configuration of the localized control region size, N_(eCCE,k)is determined by higher layer signaling and does not vary depending onsubframe index k. For the UE-SS, for the serving cell on which theePDCCH is monitored, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrierindicator field, then m′=m+M^((L))·n_(CI), where n_(CI) is the carrierindicator field value. Otherwise, if the monitoring UE is not configuredwith a carrier indicator field, then m′=m, where m=0, . . . , M^((L))−1,and M^((L)) is the number of ePDCCH candidates to monitor in the searchspace.

The DMRS antenna port of ePDCCH candidate m is determined by, forexample:

p=7+[L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}] mod N _(eCCEperVRB) +Y ₋₁ modx _(L)  (26)

where Y₋₁=UE_ID≠0 and x_(L) is a parameter depending on the aggregationlevel L, e.g. x₁=1, x₂=x₄=x₈=2 or x₁=1, x₂=2, x₄=x₈=4.

[L·{(Y_(k)+m′)mod └N_(eCCE,k)/L┘}] mod N_(eCCEperVRB) indicates therelative index of the leading eCCE within the VRB. 7+[L·Yk+m′ modNeCCE,kL mod NeCCEperVRB is identical to the DMRS antenna port index ofEquation (13). In Equation (26), the additional UE_ID dependent offsetof Y₋₁ mod x₁, is applied, which allows the different UEs having thesame ePDCCH candidate in terms of eCCE aggregation to have differentDMRS antenna ports and implicitly support orthogonal MU-MIMO of ePDCCHs.

For example, let's assume that the UE_IDs of UE-a and UE-b are 10 and 11respectively, and both UEs have the same set of eCCEs for an ePDCCHcandidate, {eCCE8, eCCE9} for aggregation level 2. Then, the leadingeCCE of the ePDCCH candidate for both UEs is eCCE8. Therefore, in thisexample, UE-a and UE-b will be assigned DMRS antenna ports 7 and 8,respectively. It allows the orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO.

In this embodiment, the non-orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO is alsosupportable by either configuring the SCID of the DMRS either via aUE-specific higher layer signaling or determining it by a parameter,e.g., the transmission point identification (TPID) in the distributedantenna systems.

Therefore, this embodiment supports both orthogonal DMRS assistedMU-MIMO and non-orthogonal DMRS assisted MU-MIMO and presents moreflexibility in ePDCCH scheduling to the base station.

In another embodiment, the ePDCCH search space indicates the ePDCCHcandidates, the associated DMRS antenna port, and the SCID of the DMRSof an ePDCCH candidate as well.

The eCCEs corresponding to an ePDCCH candidate and its associated DMRSantenna port are determined by Equation (26). The SCID of the DMRS isdefined as a function of Y_(k) and a function of the ePDCCH candidateindex m, e.g., Equation (14). Another example of deciding SCID is thatthe SCID of the DMRS is defined as a function of Y_(k) and not afunction of the ePDCCH candidate index m, e.g., Equation (15). Anotherexample of deciding SCID is that the SCID of the DMRS is defined as afunction of Y₋₁=UE_ID≠0, e.g., Equation (16).

In this embodiment, a higher layer signaling does not need to beintroduced for SCID configuration because the SCID is implicitlydetermined by the search space.

Although the present disclosure has been described with an exemplaryembodiment, various changes and modifications may be suggested to oneskilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompasssuch changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A base station, comprising: a controllerconfigured to determine a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) antennaport for an extended Physical Downlink Control CHannel (ePDCCH)transmission based on at least a first parameter computed using an indexfor a leading extended Control Channel Element (eCCE) within the ePDCCHand a second parameter computed using an identifier for a user equipment(UE) to receive the ePDCCH transmission and the leading eCCE index; anda transmitter configured to transmit symbols via the determined DMRSantenna port to the UE.
 2. The base station according to claim 1,wherein the leading eCCE within the ePDCCH is determined by:n _(eCCE,leading) =L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}, wheren_(eCCE,leading) is the leading eCCE index, L is an eCCE aggregationlevel, Y_(k) is either zero or a non-zero value based on the UEidentifier, m′ has a value depending on whether the UE is configuredwith a carrier indicator field, and N_(eCCE,k) is a total number ofeCCEs in subframe k.
 3. The base station according to claim 2, whereinthe antenna port is determined by:p=7+n _(eCCE,leading) mod N _(eCCEperVRB)+Δ_(DMRS) where p is anidentifier of the DMRS antenna port, N_(eCCEperVRB) is a number of eCCEsassigned to each virtual resource block (VRB) within the ePDCCH, andΔ_(DMRS) is an antenna port offset determined by the leading eCCE'sindex and given as a function of the UE identifier.
 4. The base stationaccording to claim 3, wherein the antenna port offset is determined by:Δ_(DMRS)=(UE_ID,L)={UE_ID mod L} mod N _(DMRS,L) where N_(DMRS,L) is anumber of antenna ports available for ePDCCH transmissions depending onthe aggregation level.
 5. The base station according to claim 1, whereinthe controller is configured to assign the UE to the determined DMRSantenna port for the ePDCCH transmission.
 6. The base station accordingto claim 1, wherein the UE employs the DMRS for demodulation rather thana Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS).
 7. The base station according toclaim 6, wherein the DMRS is a UE-specific DMRS.
 8. The base stationaccording to claim 1, wherein the symbols are transmitted within aPhysical Downlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) region of a downlink (DL)subframe.
 9. The base station according to claim 1, wherein thecontroller is configured to determine the antenna port for the ePDCCHtransmission based on whether the ePDCCH transmission is localized ordistributed.
 10. The base station according to claim 1, wherein thecontroller is configured to map the symbols to resource elements (REs)that are associated with the determined antenna port, that are part ofextended RE Groups (eREGs) assigned for ePDCCH transmission, and thatexclude REs occupied by Physical Broadcast CHannel (PBCH) signals,reference signals for the UE, and synchronization signals.
 11. The basestation according to claim 1, wherein the determined antenna port is oneof four predetermined antenna ports.
 12. The base station according toclaim 1, wherein the determined antenna port is one of antenna ports 7,8, 9 and
 10. 13. A method, comprising: determining a DeModulationReference Signal (DMRS) antenna port for an extended Physical DownlinkControl CHannel (ePDCCH) transmission based on at least a firstparameter computed using an index for a leading extended Control ChannelElement (eCCE) within the ePDCCH and a second parameter computed usingan identifier for a user equipment (UE) to receive the ePDCCHtransmission and the leading eCCE index; and transmitting symbols viathe determined DMRS antenna port to the UE.
 14. The method according toclaim 13, wherein the leading eCCE within the ePDCCH is determined by:n _(eCCE,leading) =L·{(Y _(k) +m′)mod └N _(eCCE,k) /L┘}, wheren_(eCCE,leading) is the leading eCCE index, L is an eCCE aggregationlevel, Y_(k) is either zero or a non-zero value based on the UEidentifier, m′ has a value depending on whether the UE is configuredwith a carrier indicator field, and N_(eCCE,k) is a total number ofeCCEs in subframe k.
 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein theantenna port is determined by:p=7+n _(eCCE,leading) mod N _(eCCEperVRB)+Δ_(DMRS) where p is anidentifier of the DMRS antenna port, N_(eCCEperVRB) is a number of eCCEsassigned to each virtual resource block (VRB) within the ePDCCH, andΔ_(DMRS) is an antenna port offset determined by the leading eCCE'sindex and given as a function of the UE identifier.
 16. The methodaccording to claim 15, wherein the antenna port offset is determined by:Δ_(DMRS)(UE_ID,L)={UE_ID mod L} mod N _(DMRS,L) where N_(DMRS,L) is anumber of antenna ports available for ePDCCH transmissions depending onthe aggregation level.
 17. The method according to claim 13, furthercomprising: assigning the UE to the determined DMRS antenna port for theePDCCH transmission.
 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein theUE employs the DMRS for demodulation rather than a Cell-specificReference Signal (CRS).
 19. The method according to claim 18, whereinthe DMRS is a UE-specific DMRS.
 20. The method according to claim 13,wherein the symbols are transmitted within a Physical Downlink SharedCHannel (PDSCH) region of a downlink (DL) subframe.
 21. The methodaccording to claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determinethe antenna port for the ePDCCH transmission based on whether the ePDCCHtransmission is localized or distributed.
 22. The method according toclaim 13, wherein the controller is configured to map the symbols toresource elements (REs) that are associated with the determined antennaport, that are part of extended RE Groups (eREGs) assigned for ePDCCHtransmission, and that exclude REs occupied by Physical BroadcastCHannel (PBCH) signals, reference signals for the UE, andsynchronization signals.
 23. The method according to claim 13, whereinthe determined antenna port is one of four predetermined antenna ports.24. The method according to claim 13, wherein the determined antennaport is one of antenna ports 7, 8, 9 and 10.